While nearly all colleges and universities in the United States use academic probation as a means to signal to students … college may serve as a short term "wake up call" to some students, in that second semester performance is improved. However …, our findings also suggest that this short term boost in performance fades out over time and students who are on academic …

significantly influenced by the timing of their experiences. Using administrative data, we study whether the order in which students … Academy in which students are randomly assigned to certain courses either during or after the semester in which they are … required to select their college major. We find that when students are assigned to a course in the same semester as they select …