The paper examines the investment of private container operators in port infrastructure, and then provides a … space provided by port operators differed depending on whether a container terminal was run by a national terminal or by a … delay costs to the shippers, private container terminals offered larger terminal space to the port users …

significant impact on optimizing operational processes and improving coordination between port authorities, logistics operators … processes, identified bottlenecks, and presented proposals to optimize port efficiency. Results: The port currently exhibiting …, and finally, Genoa. Conclusions: Efficient public-private collaboration in digital governance boosts port competitiveness …

Congestion at terminal gates is a significant issue that many ports are dealing with. The port of Songkhla, which …