This paper investigates the unit root properties of electricity consumption per capita of 67 developed and developing countries for the period 1971–2010. To examine the stationary properties of electricity consumption per capita, we have adopted Lee and Strazicich (2003, 2004) test of unit...

This study investigates the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its relationship with economic growth, energy consumption and globalization over the period of 1990-2010. We apply a dynamic panel data (GMM-system estimator) using the data of...

This study reinvestigates the effect of defence spending on economic growth using Zivot and Andrews and Lee and Strazicich, structural unit root tests and the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration in augmented version of Keynesian model for India. Study...

The present study reinvestigates the impact of corruption on economic growth by incorporating financial development and trade openness in growth model in case of Pakistan. We have used time series data over the period of 1987–2009. We have applied structural break unit root test to test the...

This study deals with the question whether financial development reduces CO2 emissions or not in case of Malaysia. For this purpose, we apply the bounds testing approach to cointegration between the variables. We establish the presence of significant long-run relationships between CO2 emissions,...

This study aims to test the existence of J-curve phenomenon in Laos economy using quarterly data over the period of 1993–2010. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is used to examine short run as well as long run impact of real depreciation of Lao kip on Lao trade balance. The...

The present study investigates the causal relationship between terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan by incorporating capital and trade openness in production function. The study covers the time period of 1973–2010. The ARDL bound testing approach has been applied to cointegration to...

In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between defense spending and economic growth in Portugal during the period of 1980–2010. We apply the ARDL bounds testing approach in the presence of structural break. The ARDL–ECM estimation results disclose that the relations between...

The present paper contributes in existing economic literature by investigating the validity of the Keynesian Absolute Income hypothesis in Pakistan by applying the ARDL approach to cointegration. The findings of this paper validate the Keynesian absolute income hypothesis in Pakistan, where...

The aim of present study is to probe the dynamic relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions for period of 1980–2010 in case of Romania. In doing so, ARDL bounds testing approach is applied to investigate the long run cointegration between these variables. Our...