According to the theory, a combination of the highly regulated external labour market and the internal rigidity would induce organisational inefficiency. Evidence suggests that theoretically unexpected results of that combination prevailed in Slovenia. Under the pressure of the competition on...

Across Europe, there are many differing opinions on whether workplace employee representation should be encouraged or discouraged. Yet there is very little evidence on the variations in workplace employee representation across Europe or the reasons for this. We use a workplace survey covering 27...

A growing number of econometric examinations show that works councils substantially shape the personnel policy of firms in Germany. Firms with works councils make greater use of various HRM practices. This gives rise to the question of whether employers view the shaping of personnel policy...