This paper investigates the difference between governmental venture capital firms (GVCs) and private venture capital firms (PVCs) from the perspective of a VC life cycle. Compared to PVC, GVCs put in less effort over the whole cycle due to the lack of a link between current performance and...

I investigate the performance of mixed syndication involving both governmental and private venture capital firms (GVCs and PVCs) in the context of China. Using the data on the investments in start-ups between 1999 and 2011, I find that start-ups backed by mixed syndication in their initial...