service firms. We build a proxy measure of platform use across four industries (hotels, restaurants, taxis and retail trade … these industries. We find that platform development supports the productivity of the average incumbent service firm and also … review and rating systems reduce information asymmetries between consumers and service providers, enhancing competition …

This online appendix to "Insulated Platform Competition" includes proofs and details of our applications.The paper to …

achieved by implementing effective measures at the design stage of a platform’s algorithmic code. Subsequently, this Article …