This study suggests an improvement of a popular measure of living standards, namely the <italic>biological standard of living</italic>. One influence on it is a population's consumption pattern. Since there are different dietary patterns all over the world, researchers estimate the influences of national diets...

Forschung & Entwicklung und Innovationen sind die Grundlage des modernen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums. Über den Außenhandel können Schwellenländer einerseits von Innovationen anderer Länder profitieren, andererseits besitzen sie aber in der Forschungstätigkeit selbst einen komparativen...

Several authors suggest a gridlock of the European Union's (EU's) approval process for genetically engineered (GE) crops. We analyse the voting behaviour of EU Member States (MSs) for voting results from 2003 to 2015 on the approval of GE crops to test for a gridlock; no reliable data are...

This paper explores the relationship between Nazi membership and social mobility using a unique and highly detailed dataset of military conscripts and volunteers during the Third Reich. We find that membership of a Nazi organisation is positively related to social mobility when measured by the...

The process of globalisation has in several ways an impact on the Latin American Economies. The recent developments give a carefully optimistic view on the economic consequences for these countries. While all of the Latin American nations still lag behind the industrialised countries with...

The First World War hit Germany severely, particularly the agricultural sector, because the outbreak came unexpected and its duration exceeded all expectations. Many resources necessary for agricultural production were required by the war economy and led to shortages and shrinking supplies. Many...

We provide empirical evidence on the existence of the Pigou–Dalton principle. The latter indicates that aggregate welfare is – ceteris paribus – maximized when incomes of all individuals are equalized (and therefore marginal utility from income is as well). Using anthropometric panel data...

How do health crises affect election results? We combine a panel of election results from 1893-1933 with spatial heterogeneity in excess mortality due to the 1918 Influenza to assess the pandemic's effect on voting behavior across German constituencies. Applying a dynamic...