that failing to account for more realistic earnings curves throughout the life cycle may overstate SSRs for lower-income … households while understating SSRs for higher-income households, and understate SSRs for younger households while overstating … SSRs for older households. Furthermore, historical SSRs of 10% or less are found for all but the highest-income households …

analyze the determinants of private saving in both country groups. Main results are: saving rates are persistent; income … substitutes. Long-run effects of income growth and public saving are larger in the EU than in the candidate countries, indicating …