are caused by ex-ante differences in lifeexpectancy. However, these pension reforms may themselves induce redistribution …As the heterogeneity in life expectancy by socioeconomic status increases, pension systemsbecome more regressive … effects sincea) life expectancy is not perfectly correlated to socioeconomic status and b) pension reformsthemselves will have …

This paper examines the implicit subsidies within pension systems across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region …. We first calculate the theoretical benefits of pension for hypothetical workers in 25 countries in LAC. We show that, on … average, LAC's pension systems are subsidized, as they provide pensions above what workers would have obtained by investing …

This paper quantifies the effect of Poland's 1999 pension reform on the inequality of future pension benefits. The … the pre-reform system continued unchanged, the Gini coefficient would not be >0.19. The increased inequality of pension … benefits is the result of the system gradually moving from a more redistributive defined benefit pension system to a system in …

given system. Redistribution is measured on a lifetime basis using estimated earnings profiles for a sample of people taken … benefits. We find that many of the proposed changes to social security have surprising little effect on the redistribution …

given system. Redistribution is measured on a lifetime basis using estimated earnings profiles for a sample of people taken … benefits. We find that many of the proposed changes to social security have surprising little effect on the redistribution …