Walters applied a demand and supply model to collect toll for easing congestion. This paper proves that his model is a lame duck, one without a supply function. It then works out a wholesome traffic and congestion model, to offer some alternative methods to solve congestion. This paper also...

In recent years there has been a surge of interest in private toll roads as an alternative to public free-access road infrastructure. Private toll roads have gained favour for a variety of reasons, including theirpotential to alleviate traffic congestion, shrinking public funds for road...