In the industrialized democracies, free elections, the lowering of trade barriers and the opening of national economies to foreign competition are natural progressions within open systems. But in the Latin American context, where rule by oligarchy and inbred political-social-economic systems...

This study determines whether long-sleep (≥ 9 hours per night) is causally related to lower self-rated health. Lewbel instrumental variable estimation is used with data on adults from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (n = 26,607).Lewbel instrumental variable estimation enables the...

Chronic pain is an issue that forensic economists are often called upon to value. However, some methods of valuing chronic pain are difficult for judges and juries to understand. One approach that is relatively easy for judges and juries to grasp is the subjective well-being valuation method,...

As health insurance benefit designs become more innovative, fully understanding provider responses to consumer cost-sharing is important. This paper examines the effect of reference pricing, an insurance program that increases consumer cost sharing when consumers choose high-priced providers. We...

Recently, investors have asserted that firms' loss contingency disclosures are not adequate to allow them to assess the likelihood of material losses due to litigation (i.e., litigation risk), and a debate has developed over whether the threshold for disclosure should be lowered to provide...