effects vary substantially across gender: women face a penalty in the form of a lower impact on salaried employment, but the …

-education, but also one of the few to study the moderating roles of gender and education for detailed categories of immigrants. With … particularly critical among higher-educated immigrants. Gender-based differences in immigrants' penalties, in contrast, are found …

measures of "knowledge, skills, and abilities" generated by job analyses. While there is an abundance of evidence on gender … that women generally held jobs with lower requirements relative to men. The gender gap in job requirements grew over the …

gender gap in skills. While women and men report nearly equal numbers of skills shortly after college graduation, women … accumulation can be fully accounted for by reduced work hours associated with motherhood. The resulting gender differences in … skills rationalize a substantial proportion of the gender gap in job-based earnings. …