Circular Economy (CE) aims to maintain the value of products, components, materials, and resources in the economy for as long as possible. Current end of life (EoL) product circularity decision-making methods are focused on technical and economic factors neglecting other crucial areas such as...

An Industrial Product-Service System (iPS2) is a system that integrates products and services based on systems thinking in an industrial context. Compared with services alone, it creates opportunities for better economic and environmental outcomes because of the additional design parameters,...