The author discusses the notion of environmental controversies as frame conflicts through a case study of the waste-policy dialogue in Finland. The argument that intractable policy controversies result from internally consistent but incompatible normative – prescriptive scripts which name and...

The paper analyses stakeholder involvement and public participation in preparing Regional Forest Programmes (RFP) in Finland. Such programmes establish the outlines for regional forest management, setting targets and action plans for industrial timber use, non-wood production, recreational...

Preference programming is a general term for multi-criteria decision analytical approaches allowing incomplete preference information. In the PAIRS method, interval judgments are assigned to weight ratios between attributes to model imprecision in multi-attribute value trees. This paper studies...