Hypercongestion is the situation where a certain traffic flow occurs at a combination of low speed and high density … for such hypercongestion, but does not explicitly describe the dynamic process leading up to hypercongestion. Earlier … studies of hypercongestion on single links have, however, confirms that such dynamic processes are important to consider. The …

ratio of the value of time (VOT) to the value of schedule delay, as in the bottleneck model. However, unlike the bottleneck … to arrival rate, and the number of users for both types. Compared to the bottleneck model, tolling is less beneficial for …

We analyse congestion pricing in a road and rail network with heterogeneous users. On the road there is bottleneck …