Extant research has demonstrated that underdog expectations - individuals’ perceptions that others view them as unlikely to succeed - can have positive implications for motivating performance. In this paper, we draw on self-determination theory to examine how and when underdog expectations can...

We establish that the risk-return tradeoff of cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ripple, and Ethereum) is distinct from those of stocks, currencies, and precious metals. Cryptocurrencies have no exposure to most common stock market and macroeconomic factors or to the returns of currencies and...

We establish that the risk-return tradeoff of cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ripple, and Ethereum) is distinct from those of stocks, currencies, and precious metals. Cryptocurrencies have no exposure to most common stock market and macroeconomic factors. They also have no exposure to the returns of...

Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Tail Expectation (CTE) are the two most frequently applied risk measures in quantitative risk management. Recently, expectile has also attracted much attention as a risk measure due to its elicitability property. This paper establishes empirical likelihood...