A MapReduce design with Cellular Automata (CA) is presented in this research article to facilitate load-reduced independent data processing and cost-efficient physical implementation in heterogeneous Cloud architecture. Equal Length Cellular Automata (ELCA) are considered for the design. This...

Page rank plays an important role in processing of an indexed list for relevant web pages/ clouds by search engines. Validation of computed page rank is significantly important towards the reliability enhancement for a computed page rank. Besides, energy efficiency is a major concern towards...

This paper studies the potential effects of political pressure on environmental law enforcement in the Unites States. Prior work, most notably the key works of Deily and Gray, document the sensitivity of U.S. environmental enforcement to economic circumstances of regulated firms. However, the...

The paper studies the relative effectiveness of extrinsic monetary disincentives and intrinsic non-monetary disincentives to corruption. In doing so, we also test the Beckarian prediction that at the same level of expected payoff, a low probability of detection with high penalty is a stronger...

Voluntary green electricity programs are a rich setting to study private provision of public goods. A defining feature of these programs is the type of subscription mechanism used for enrolling residential customers in the program. We collected primary data on programs’ subscription mechanisms...