This paper measures the current energy market integration (EMI) in the East Asia 16 countries including the ASEAN 10 countries, China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand by using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. The comprehensive EMI index has four important...

The paper first analyzes the pattern of trade for China and India in the new century. We find that: (1) Both countries have high openness ratios that positively associated with their growing labor productivity over years. (2) China’s world export share keeps increasing whereas India maintains...

The ongoing upgrading of value chain in China's manufacturing leads China toward a middle-income country. The paper first examines the performance and technological upgrading between and within China's manufacturing since 1978. By using the highly disaggregated trade data and Chinese firm-level...

Demographic structure has both the scale effect and the structural effect on bilateral trade. The "scale effect" refers that a low dependency ratio of exporter can produce and export more. Similarly, importer's low dependency ratio can induce more income and hence import more. The "structural...