The opportunistic political cycle's theories argued that the incumbent raises the visible expenses in the election time …-buying action. The paper tests the argument by using Indonesia local election and grants spending data from 2008 to 2013. Through … treating the endogeneity of incumbency, the analysis results suggest that when the incumbent is participating in the election …

avoid tax increases in election years. These data contain 3 useful attributes: (1) when state politicians enact tax laws, (2 …-analysis research plan that includes regressions of tax rate changes and tax enactment years on time-to-gubernatorial election year … implemented tax changes relative to non-election years. We find some evidence that politicians are most likely to enact tax …

avoid tax increases in election years. Our data provide three items of information: (1) when state politicians enact tax … prespecified research plan that includes regressions of tax rate changes and tax enactment years on time-to-gubernatorial election … greater election effects on gasoline taxes than on corporate taxes appears to be, at least in part, due to political salience …

in tax base and rate, and for various types of taxes. We also find that the pre-election decrease in the likelihood of …

avoid tax increases in election years. These data contain 3 useful attributes: (1) when state politicians enact tax laws, (2 …-analysis research plan that includes regressions of tax rate changes and tax enactment years on time-to-gubernatorial election year … implemented tax changes relative to non-election years. We find some evidence that politicians are most likely to enact tax …

naturalizations in presidential election years and during the terms of Democratic incumbents. We then investigate the dynamics of an …