The use of subgroups based on biological-clinical and socio-demographic variables to deal with population heterogeneity is well-established in public policy. The use of subgroups based on preferences is rare, except when religion based, and controversial. If it were decided to treat subgroup...

Selecting the appropriate deep learning (DL) model for healthcare research poses a significant challenge due to the diversity of evaluation criteria and the complex nature of health-related tasks, where a single metric like accuracy is often insufficient. Motivated by the need for a structured,...