Existing literature on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure has paid little attention to private firms, despite the fact that this type of firm is responsible for significant GHG emissions. This study empirically analyzes the GHG disclosure of German private firms. The results suggest that...

When a cooperative goes bankrupt, its members often lose more than their paid-in capital. Members might be subject to personal liability, and may lose other benefits tied to membership, such as employment, benefits as a consumer or supplier, or housing at a lower price. We find that cooperatives...

Previous financial disclosure literature suggests that private and public firms exhibit different characteristics in their financial reporting behavior. And yet literature on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure has so far paid little attention to private firms, despite the fact that this...

This paper develops a model showing how the environmental liability regime and the precision of the disclosed environmental performance indicator (EPI) affect managers' incentives (1) to reduce actual pollution and (2) to manipulate the EPI. I assume a company with a separation of ownership and...

We expect that private firms choose a close relationship with a bank – often based on private information – in order to save on direct or proprietary costs of disclosure. For a large sample of bank relationships in 12 European countries, we find evidence that close bank relationships are...

There is hardly any evidence on earnings properties of co-operatives for which profit maximisation is not a primary goal. We find that cooperatives in Germany exhibit higher levels of timely loss recognition when they have more members(owners), when they pursue charitable objectives, and when...

Existing literature on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure has paid little attention to private firms, despite the fact that this type of firm is responsible for significant GHG emissions. This study empirically analyzes the GHG disclosure of German private firms. The results suggest that...