This paper builds an innovative composite world trade cycle index (WTI) by means of a dynamic factor model to monitor and perform short-term forecasts in real time of world trade growth of both goods and (usually neglected) services. The selection of trade indicator series is made using a...

While general equilibrium theories of trade stress the role of third-country effects, little work has been done in the empirical foreign direct investment (FDI) literature to test such spatial linkages. This paper aims to provide further insights into long-run determinants of Spanish FDI by...

The forecasting uncertainty around point macroeconomic forecasts is usually measured by the historical performance of the forecasting model, using measures such as root mean squared forecasting errors (RMSE). This measure, however, has the major drawback that it is constant over time and hence...

El proceso de internacionalización que muchos bancos españoles han emprendido en años recientes ha resultado en la necesidad de un seguimiento más cercano de las economías en las que están presentes, especialmente para un organismo supervisor como el Banco de España. En este trabajo se...

Artículo de revista

El Banco Central Europeo (BCE) ha desplegado una respuesta enérgica ante los desafíos planteados por la crisis del Covid-19 a la economía del área del euro. Este documento revisa las diferentes medidas de política monetaria adoptadas por el BCE desde la irrupción de la pandemia, y...