To study the effect of the legal system on the cost of external financing, we examine the degree of underpricing of the IPOs by foreign companies listed in the U.S. We find that firms from highly corrupted countries have larger IPO underpricing. The quality of the home countries' public law...

Market efficiency varies across individual stock according to stock attributes. This paper finds prices are closer to random walk benchmarks for stocks with better liquidity provision, frequent trading, greater return volatility, higher prices, larger market capitalizations, and smaller trade...

Liquidity providers on the NYSE make faster quote adjustments towards equilibrium spreads and depths than they do on NASDAQ. Liquidity providers in both markets make faster spread and depth adjustments for stocks with more frequent trading, greater return volatility, higher prices, smaller...