Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the information-based microstructure theory’s effectiveness in explaining short-term disturbances in currency prices by determining whether the price discovery process in the US dollar (USD) and South African rand (ZAR)-USD/ZAR spot market...

This paper examines for the first time contagion to African stock markets with particular attention to the quantification of, and testing for the impact of (extreme) downside movements in foreign exchange and developed stock markets on the (extreme) downside risks in Africa stock markets. Using...