In the design or making of a process (e.g. of evaluation), is it common to face say questions of multiple natures. With this objective in mind, purifying or debugging a set of choices until getting to the best one which is therefore unique, repressents a critical point. The present written work...

Economy can be generally described as a bunch of value streams. At least a part of capital accumulation is assumed to be the consequence of value stream blockage, and a means too keep such blockage. Negative relation between capital accumulation and foreign trade balance coming out from this...

We study Aumann and Serrano's (2008) risk index for sums of gambles that are not necessarily independent. We show that if the dependent parts of two gambles are similarly ordered, or more generally positively quadrant dependent, then the risk index of the sum of two gambles is always larger than...

This paper aims to study the structural tail dependences and risk magnitude of contagion risk during high risk state between domestic and foreign banks. Empirically, volatility of stock returns has the properties of persistence, clustering, heteroscedasticity, and regime switchs. Thus, the...

In this paper we estimated IBM beta from 2000 to 2013, then using differential equation mathematical formula we split up the annual beta’s change attributed to the volatility market effect, the stock volatility effect, the correlation effect and the jointly effect of these variables.

This paper explores how a put option changes the probability distribution of portfolio value. The paper extends the model introduced in Bell (2014) by allowing both the quantity and strike price to vary. I use the 5% quantile from the portfolio distribution to measure riskiness and compare...

In most of the Intermediate Microeconomics or Microeconomic Theory texts, when the demand of individuals subject is analyzed, especially the Price-Consumption paths and Income-Expansion paths , Examples are presented in which the utility functions correspond to regular preferences, that is, the...

The problem of decomposing a cash flow has been treated in recent years by Gronchi (1986, 1987), Peccati (1987, 1991, 1992), Stewart (1991), Pressacco and Stucchi (1997). After showing that the Economic Value Added introduced by Stewart bears a strong resemblance to (and in some conditions...

Abstract Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) is a method which decomposes the variation of market shares of any trader country. The more recent version is proposed by Fagerberg and Sollie (1985) that avoids some limits deriving from previously specifications. After explicating how CMSA works,...

This paper characterizes several belief-revision rules in a unified framework: Bayesian revision upon learning some event, Jeffrey revision upon learning new probabilities of some events, Adams revision upon learning some new conditional probabilities, and `dual-Jeffrey' revision upon learning a...