This essay tries to synthesize a recent discussion on circular economics, aiming to clarify the concept, its relationship with the notion of "decoupling", and how technology, business, and economic policy influence it. In essence, circular economy means turning waste into something valuable. The...

Inlfation targeting is a relatively new way to administer the monetary policy, since the velocity of money revealed unstable and hard pegs unsustainable. The new regime is one of flexible exchange rates, and the target of the monetary policy becomes the rate of inflation itself, instead of any...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is not a unique explanation for growth and progress, but is one of the more useful indicators of the open opportunities. It reveals preferences of the developed countries’ private sector, while the emerging economies seem to participate in a global bid. That bid...

The literature highlights the role of finance in growth. There is evidence on the connection (correlation and causalities) between deeper finance (banking and non banking) and growth. We ask if some countries achieve better results, in terms of growth, with comparable levels of finance. To...

The aim of this work is to present in a systematic way elements around the debate on the persistence of a central bank arrangement, currency boards or the Dollarization option. In some special circumstances, both later arrangements could be desirable. They are not a universal panacea in the way...