This paper identifies a positive causal effect of board gender diversity on firm performance by utilizing unique historical events in China. Specifically, the Famine resulted in an evident gender gap in the supply of qualified directors of certain cohorts. Since the shocks differ in both gender...

Using a relaxed one-child policy in China for couples who are both only-children themselves, this paper estimates the causal effect of the policy on people’s marital choices and fertility outcomes. Applying a Difference-in-­Differences approach, I find that only-children became more likely to...