This article examines the current regulatory efforts aimed at creating a Pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP). In doing so, it pursues two primary objectives: firstly, it seeks to explain the relevance of a European harmonized pension product to the overall concept of the single market;...

Both Collective Defined Contribution (CDC) and Collective Individual Defined Contribution (CIDC) schemes place any risks on pension scheme members instead of an external risk-bearer. In CDC schemes, assets are pooled collectively, allowing for risks to be shared between pension scheme members....

This article considers whether a collective defined contribution pension scheme (a “CDC scheme”) provides “cover against biometric risk” or “guarantees … a given level of benefits” for the purposes of Article 13(2) of EU Directive 2016/2341 (the “IORP II Directive”) or its...

This Working Paper looks at the CJEU’s changing interpretation of Article 8 of Directive 2008/94/EC (protecting pension rights on employer insolvency) over the last 14 years through its decisions in Robins, Hogan, Webb-Sämann, Hampshire and Bauer. The CJEU both decided that pension protection...