The rapid digitization of finance, the fast pace of technology advancement and the rise of data-driven innovation has transformed financial sectors and created opportunities for financial authorities that are pursuing financial inclusion to adapt their regulatory and supervisory approaches....

Financial authorities' use of technology has evolved over the years, leading to different generations of technology that culminate in what the paper considers as suptech. Suptech refers to the application of big data or artificial intelligence (AI) to tools used by financial authorities. There...

The American and European financial scandals and the increasing relevance of the activity of financial analysts call for extending the number of enterprises covered by the analysts' researching as well as for ensuring an optimization of the independence and objectiveness standards pursued by the...

This case study looks back on Bank Negara Malaysia's decade-long program to enhance consumer empowerment and market conduct and extracts key lessons. Following the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the government of Malaysia committed to a decade-long program of financial reform that aimed to...

The Kenyan population uses financial services from a broad array of providers. The financial sector regulators provide some, but incomplete and sometimes inconsistent consumer protection to the clients of regulated institutions. In the absence of a market-wide consumer protection law or...

In December 2011, the Banque Centrale du Congo released a sound regulatory framework for electronic money (e-money) that allows non-banks to set up a subsidiary to provide e-money services. In only a few months four mobile network operators (MNOs) were granted a licence, three launched...

Tanzania is one of the fastest growing mobile markets: Four mobile money providers have deployed 153,369 agents that have registered 31.8 million accounts, 11 million of which are active on a 90-day basis. The providers are processing more than 99 million transactions per month valued at over 3...

The full potential of digital financial services in India has not yet been realised. Millions of people still lack a viable alternative to the cash economy and informal financial services, and mobile money represents a great opportunity for the country. For mobile network operators (MNOs),...

For the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), 2012 was the culmination of a 5-year effort to estab­lish an enabling regulatory framework for mobile money that opened the market to both bank and non-bank providers and extended services to Sri Lanka's unbanked population. Marking this shift was the...