Gneezy et al. (2012) uses attribution theory from the psychology literature to argue that when the object of … discrimination is a matter of choice (e.g. sexual orientation), observed discrimination may motivated by animus, which exacerbates or … intensifies the emotional response to the object of discrimination. This paper builds on this insight based on the understanding …

The paper presents the economic literature on gender bias, illustrating the underpinnings in the psychology of bias and … on methods to contrast bias presenting evidence (where it exists) of their effectiveness. The second part of the paper … presents results of an experiment in revealing unconscious bias. …

We introduce a model of two-sided statistical discrimination in which worker and firm beliefs are complementary. Firms … both empirical analysis designed to detect discrimination and policy meant to alleviate it. Affirmative action is much less … effective than in traditional statistical discrimination models. More generally, we demonstrate the futility of one …