We theoretically establish a market microstructure bias embedded in the estimate of industry-adjusted idiosyncratic variance and empirically show that the bid-ask spread eliminates the observed time trend in aggregate idiosyncratic variance (Campbell, Lettau, Malkiel, and Xu, 2001). These...

This paper models a market microstructure bias, driven by the bid-ask spread, that is evident in the pricing of aggregate firm-level risk embodied by the stock return variance estimates of Goyal and Santa-Clara (2003). Controlling for this bias, we find no pricing ability for aggregate...

This paper investigates whether beta can predict the expected return after controlling for the beta instability resulting from shift in the covariance structure. Such a shift is primarily due to noise investors chasing stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility. Consequently, these stocks tend to...

In this paper we show that the failure of the CAPM beta to predict individual stocks' expected returns documented by Fama and French (1992) is largely driven by a small group of stocks with large betas and high idiosyncratic volatilities. These stocks' betas tend to reverse. Therefore, even when...

Purpose Abundant studies of outpatient visits apply traditional recurrent neural network (RNN) approaches; more recent methods, such as the deep long short-term memory (DLSTM) model, have yet to be implemented in efforts to forecast key hospital data. Therefore, the current study aims to reports...

We develop an extended mean-variance model to investigate the relationship between variance risk premia (VRP) and expected futures returns in the commodity market. In the presence of stochastic variance, commodity producers trade both futures and options to hedge their exposure to commodity...