Screening powers of arbitral institutions over requests initiating investment arbitrations are often justified by the need to prevent embarrassment of states and to avoid unnecessary costs. This Chapter examines possible effects of such powers, particularly on the arbitral development of the...

Legal and non-legal scholarship examines extensively the impact of subjective conditions such as biases on international judicial decision-making. This paper shifts the focus on the impact of objective conditions on international judicial decision-making with similar effects and introduces the...