This paper investigates the effect of workplace unionization and product market volatility on firms' propensity to use … temporary employment. Using Italian firm level data, we show that unionization and volatility have a positive impact on the … share of temporary contracts. However, as volatility increases the union effect becomes negative, suggesting that in a …

demand volatility is high while the opposite holds for fixed-term contracts. These disparities likely reflect differences in …

This paper investigates the effect of workplace unionization and demand volatility on firms' propensity to use … fixed term contracts considered and the degree of volatility. The presence of unions per se is found to increase the demand … find that, as volatility increases, the unions become more concerned about the weakening of their bargaining power and tend …