The IPCC carbon budget concludes that changes in atmospheric CO2 are driven by fossil fuel emissions on a year by year basis. A testable implication of the validity of this carbon budget is that changes in atmospheric CO2 should be correlated with fossil fuel emissions at an annual time scale...

A month by month trend analysis of daily maximum and daily minimum temperature data from Fort Collins, Boulder, and Cheesman USHCN weather stations in northeastern Colorado for the period 1893-2014 is presented. The results show anomalous and incompatible patterns in long term temperature trends...

The ACE index is used to compare tropical cyclone activity worldwide among seven decades from 1945 to 2014. Some increase in tropical cyclone activity is found relative to the earliest decades. No trend is found after the decade 1965-1974. A comparison of the six cyclone basins in the study...

Controlled experiments with chess engines may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative continuation lines of chess openings. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by evaluating a selection of continuations by White after the Sicilian Defense Najdorf Variation has been played by...

A two dimensional measure of chess performance is presented and it is shown to have more information and a greater power of discrimination than scalar measures because it does not rely on scoring. The scoring procedure used by scalar measures to reduce chess game outcomes from a trinomial to a...

The conventional method of rating chess players uses a method called "scoring" to reduce a trinomial process to a binomial making it possible to rate chess playing strength with a single scalar measure. This simplicity is achieved at a cost because the scoring process causes some information to...

Mean global total ozone is estimated as the latitudinally weighted average of total ozone measured by the TOMS and OMI satellite mounted ozone measurement devices for the periods 1979-1992 and 2005-2015 respectively. The TOMS dataset shows an OLS depletion rate of 0.65 DU per year on average in...

The Biblical prohibition of pork consumption has motivated archaeologists to look for clues in the pig fraction of the faunal remains of farm animals to identify the time and place of its inception so that corresponding socio-political events may be used to determine how and why this prohibition...