study this question in the context of the rapid rise in energy prices caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February …% increase in the price of energy. This finding holds in multiple contexts and across various robustness checks. Supplementary … survey evidence suggests that people believe the energy price increases are temporary, not permanent. …

transfer scheme called "gas price brake." A unique feature of this energy price relief measure is that both households and the … industry receive a transfer that increases in one's actual gas price. In a formal model, we show that such a transfer scheme … overcome this adverse effect of the gas price brake. An equivalent critique applies to the electricity price brake that is to …

In the aftermath of the Russian invasion in Ukraine and rising gas prices, the "gas Price brake" was implemented in … comparable gas markets, where one country (Germany) has implemented the gas price brake and the other (Austria) has not. Our … findings support the theoretical prediction, indicating that the gas price brake led to an increase in total annual gas costs …

Germany and Russia have similar subsidy levels in the OECD inventory, the national net carbon price in Germany is 50 €/tCO2 …, while producer subsidies lead to a negative net carbon price of -6€/tCO2 in Russia. Our results illustrate that raising … national and sectoral net carbon prices for the top six emitters (China, US, India, Russia, Japan and Germany) and for Poland …

perverse and contradictory effects. Most importantly, we show how biofuel policies established the crop-energy price link and …