In this paper, we review literature that explains and extends the meaning of resilience across several fields: ecology, psychology, economics, disaster studies, geography, political science and archeology. For metropolitan regions, the review suggests that we must proceed with caution and...

In this paper, we review literature that explains and extends the meaning of resilience across several fields: ecology, psychology, economics, disaster studies, geography, political science and archeology. For metropolitan regions, the review suggests that we must proceed with caution and...

We survey literatures from disciplines including ecology, psychology, disaster studies, geography, political science and economics to understand how they see resilience. Some literature describes resilience as a return to conditions before a shock. Other resilience writing embraces a complex...