Many people attempt to discover useful information by reading large quantities of unstructured text, but because of known human limitations even experts are ill-suited to succeed at this task. This difficulty has inspired the creation of numerous automated cluster analysis methods to aid...

Particularistic spending, a large literature argues, builds support for incumbents. This literature equates money spent in the district with the credit constituents allocate. Yet, constituents lack the necessary information and motivation to allocate credit this way. We use extensive...