empirically investigate the dynamics and drivers of gender gaps in employment rates, wages and workhours during the pandemic … experienced a major decline in their employment rate and workhours, as well as gender segregation in the most affected industries …

gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though … earnings gaps are higher in self-employment than in wage employment. Tertiary education and urban location account for a large … part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies …

gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though … earnings gaps are higher in self-employment than in wage employment. Tertiary education and urban location account for a large … part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies …

This paper uses the task-content-of-occupations framework to analyze trends in employment and wages of female and male …: nonroutine cognitive, routine cognitive, nonroutine manual, and routine manual. Decomposing the changes in employment shares into … between-industry changes and within-industry changes across occupational categories reveals that within-industry employment …

force participation rate and employment both improved in the year, figures for some of the groups hit hardest by the …-pandemic levels than employment and economic activity, and underscores the importance of institutional mechanisms and social dialogue …