cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports and economic growth, while exports and …This study examines the impact of exports, imports, and trade openness on Namibia's economic growth using the ARDL … driven by exports, imports, and trade openness. The findings suggest that trade liberalisation and export-led growth are …

Union (SACU). Research Design & Methods: This study employs annual data on output, exports, imports, and a structural dummy … variable for SACU countries, namely, South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and eSwatini. The study applies the … cointegration test based on the Johansen (1988) and the Johansen and Juselius (1990) approach, followed by the vector error …

This paper examines equilibrium relationships and dynamic causality between economic growth, exports, and imports in … Nepal using time-series data between 1965 and 2020. This research examines the impact of exports and imports on the economic … growth of Nepal and documents empirical evidence in exports-led growth, imports-led growth, growth-led exports, and growth …

growth in Nigeria from 1970 to 2020. The study examines the effect of seaport imports, exports, and real exchange rates on … exports for economic growth will not hamper future economic development. The cointegration test established a short- and long … and economic growth in Nigeria is acknowledged in the literature. Still, the need to emphasise the role of shipping import …