This paper analyzes the limitations of providing public transit service because of competition in the market. Evidence from seven cities in Latin America is used to show how this service arrangement leads to inflated fares, oversupply of buses, and low-quality service. The paper then analyzes...

Developing Countries Have Different Transportation Issues and Requirements Than Developed Countries An efficient transportation system is critical for a country's development. Yet cities in developing countries are typically characterized by high-density urban areas and poor public transport, as...

Mobility gives individuals access to different daily activities, facilities, and places, but at the cost of imposing environmental burdens. The sustainable growth of society is linked to green mobility (e.g., public transport, walking, cycling) as a way to alleviate individual carbon footprints....

In most developing countries, the transportation system is driven by the Informal transport sector or otherwise known as paratransit or Intermediate public transport. It is an indispensable part of the people in terms of mobility both in the cities and rural areas. While the informal...

The analysis reported here was prompted by a realization that there was little reliable and consistent information on what proportion of household income is spent on urban public transport. The information available uses inconsistent definitions of what costs are included and how income is...

This brief, the first in a two-part series, provides an overview of the evidence on key features of women's travel behavior and the barriers they face in accessing public transport in developing countries, including affordability, frequency, coverage, and comfort. Women make more frequent,...