This article examines the contradictory outcomes of China's rural reform since 1978. It traces four periods of rural reform policies through cyclical rounds of policy implementation, structural transformations, and economic, social, and environmental outcomes. The analysis reveals that...

Research on environmental governance in China has shown that centre–local relations often influence the implementation and efficacy of environmental regulations. By examining changes in resource allocation and rural development between 1982 and 2005 in the region worst affected by...

Livestock and poultry raising is the largest source of agricultural non-point source pollution and an essential aspect of environmental governance. To resolve the issue, China has introduced a series of policies to promote the recycling of livestock and poultry excrement since 2014. This study...

Based on the 2009 Western China Migration and Labor Resources Survey (CMLRS), we explore several factors related to rural-urban migration and social stratification in Northwestern China. We find that the migrant labor regime within the neoliberal framework does little to alleviate poverty...

Following the collective forest tenure reforms in China, many households pursued entrepreneurial activities creating substantial pressure on the environment. This study examines data collected from 462 informants in 10 provinces in Southern China to understand how changes in attitudes toward...

As a new modern business model, the unique advantage was proposed for supply chain finance in proposing in small and medium enterprises and competitiveness making of industry chain. But in the risk assessment the unified perfect evaluation， standard is still lack. The finance model of supply...