. Theoretical explanations for their limited use are that: agents' risk aversion limits the effectiveness of performance incentives …, and moral hazard can restrict the efficacy of performance incentives if the performance measures do not fully reflect … carefully designed, problems of moral hazard may preclude the wide-spread use of performance incentives in government programs …

incentives for stakeholders are incorporated into the program design is given particular attention. Based on the findings …

that it provides incentives for participation to both individual learners and employers. Approach: This study combines the …, Egypt, England, Finland, Germany, India, Malaysia and South Africa. Findings: For individuals, incentives to undertake … while earning. The analysis of incentives for employers shows a range of reasons related to their short-term interests and …