The oxygen-enriched gasification of biomass micron fuel (BMF) was studied. Thermogravimetric analyses under different oxygen concentrations were performed to investigate the gasification behavior. The results showed that the increasing oxygen concentration enhanced the release of volatile matter...

Despite the frequency of official debt restructurings, little systematic evidence has been produced on their characteristics and implications. Using a dataset covering more than 400 Paris Club agreements, this paper aims to fill that gap. It provides a comprehensive description of the evolving...

This paper presents new empirical results on the macroeconomic impact of sovereign debt restructurings with official-sector creditors. Using a novel dataset on Paris Club restructurings and Local Projection methods, we find that Paris Club treatments can have a significant impact on economic...

Since the Global Financial Crisis, the Group of Twenty (G20) has not only become the premier forum for policy coordination among major economies but has also played an important role in promoting reforms to safeguard global financial stability. This paper focuses on the commitments the G20 has...

This paper uses a newly constructed dataset including financial statement information of 310 banks in the euro area to analyse the evolution of bank profitability before and after the Global Financial Crisis and the subsequent European crisis. We first document the general trends in the changes...

This paper shows that countries can use foreign reserves to enhance their domestic economies' resilience to potential risks from balance sheet effects. Based on a theoretical model, this paper demonstrates that the government can either deploy its foreign reserves to lend in foreign currency to...

Based on a dataset of 112 emerging economies and developing countries, this paper addresses two key questions regarding the accumulation of international reserves: first, has the accumulation of reserves effectively protected countries during the 2008-09 financial crisis? And second, what...

Based on a dynamic open-economy macroeconomic model, this paper aims at understanding the contribution of domestic financial under-development to foreign reserve accumulation in some emerging market economies, especially in China. It is argued that foreign reserve accumulation is a consequence...

Since the Global Financial Crisis, the Group of Twenty (G20) has not only become the premier forum for policy coordination among major economies but has also played an important role in promoting reforms to safeguard global financial stability. This paper focuses on the commitments the G20 has...

In many domains we have witnessed the need to search a large entity-relation graph for direct and indirect relationships between a set of entities specified in a query. A search result, called a semantic association (SA), is typically a compact (e.g., diameter-constrained) connected subgraph...