examine the effects of such reforms on firms' perception about their access to credit. The results suggest that collateral law … put up collateral reduces allocative efficiency of financial markets in the developing countries. In recent years …, initiatives have been put into motion to reform collateral laws in a number of countries. The main objective of these reforms is …

This paper analyses the role of collateral in loan contracting when companies are financed by multiple bank lenders and … the view that collateral is a strategic instrument intended to influence the bargaining position of banks. Our result …

We investigate whether government credit guarantee schemes, extensively used at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, led … to substitution of non-guaranteed with guaranteed credit rather than fully adding to the supply of lending. We study this … issue using a unique euro-area credit register data, matched with supervisory bank data, and establish two main findings …