Does state ownership hinder or help firms access credit? We use data on almost 4 million firms in 89 countries to study the relationship between state ownership and corporate leverage. Controlling for country-sector-year fixed effects and conventional firm-level determinants of leverage, we show...

We use data on 1,294 banks in Central and Eastern Europe to analyze how bank ownership and creditor coordination in the form of the Vienna Initiative affected credit growth during the 2008–09 crisis. As part of the Vienna Initiative western European banks signed country-specific commitment...

In this paper, a methodology for modeling surface wildfire propagation through a complex landscape is presented. The methodology utilizes a Delaunay triangulation to represent surface fire spread within the landscape. A procedure to construct the graph and estimate the rate of spread along the...

In this paper, the optimal design and analysis of evacuation routes in transportation networks is examined. An methodology for optimal egress route assignment is suggested. An integer programming (IP) formulation for optimal route assignment is presented, which utilizes M/G/c/c state dependent...