Indium oxide (InO x ) thin films have attractive carrier transport properties for oxide semiconductors because of the large isotropic 5s orbital overlap in the In 3+ ions. In this study, InO x films were deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). We evaluated the effects of...

We studied nitrogen (N) incorporation effects on the electrical characteristics of silicon dioxide (SiO2) fabricated by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). To determine whether N could be incorporated into the SiO2, the oxygen (O2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) plasma were used during the...

To reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass for subsequent biological processing, we pretreated energy crop feedstocks with mild steam treatment (ST; 130 and 150 °C for 60 min) and wet disk milling (WDM). We tested two phylogenetically different, but typical energy crop feedstocks:...

This paper proposes a copula that has versatile properties. We apply grouped t and versatile t copulas to estimate Value at Risk and expected shortfall using a sample of firms in the US property-liability insurance industry. We perform goodness-of-fit tests to assess the adequacy of the copula...

For a censored two-sample problem, Chen and Wang [Y.Q. Chen and M.-C. Wang, Analysis of accelerated hazards models, J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 95 (2000), pp. 608-618] introduced the accelerated hazards model. The scale-change parameter in this model characterizes the association of two groups....

For the two-sample censored data problem, Pepe and Fleming [Pepe, M.S., Fleming, T.R., 1989. Weighted Kaplan-Meier statistics: A class of distance tests for censored survival data. Biometrics 45, 497-507] introduced the weighted Kaplan-Meier (WKM) statistics. From these statistics we define...