As our economies continue to focus on growth, competition and maximisation of consumer choice, the global increase in consumption takes vast environmental and social costs and cause irreversible harm to our climate and environment. The urgency of reducing human footprint and to diminish one of...

Enforcement of competition law affects consumers' economic interests, as part of the public interests EU competition law protects. Therefore, consumers ought to be involved in the respective enforcement procedures. Against this normative background, we analyse consumers' access to the public...

Effective enforcement of competition law is vital for the functioning of competitive markets. As competition authorities are constrained by scarce financial and human resources, it is neither possible, nor desirable, to enforce every possible competition law infringement. Hence, the power to set...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the interplay between the EU's external (pre-accession) and internal (post-accession) governance model in the field of competition law and to reach a deeper understanding of the EU's Europeanization strategy at the intersection of these two governance models....

This paper reviews current regulatory approaches designed to correct market failures and distribute the benefits of liberalization to consumers in recently liberalised network industries. Present evaluations of the liberalisation process show that opening up markets to more competition has not...

This article deals with the consumer welfare standard in competition law enforcement. It explores the inherent economic and legal 'geography' of this notion by looking beyond the borderlines of competition rules. While the consumer welfare standard has been widely discussed as a legal and...

This chapter discusses the landmark Hungarian case relating to the car insurance and repair markets, which involved both vertical and horizontal agreements. The case concerned the horizontal relationship between Hungary’s two largest insurance companies and their vertical relationships with...

Competition law has always formed a core pillar of the European integration process and so it was among the crucial EU requirements set for the candidate countries. Competition law had a significant influence on the way competition laws and institutions were shaped in the candidate countries. In...

As a result of the global lockdown, countries around the globe are now facing multiple crises at the same time: a health crisis, a financial crisis, and a collapse in commodity prices, which all interact in complex ways. As a reaction governments and policymakers are providing unparalleled...

This paper deals with the question what the relationship is between consumer activity and non-competitive market outcomes in deregulated markets. These market failures could be the result of bad regulation, bad competition law enforcement or insufficient consumer activity. The different causes...