Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has become a major policy interest among global central banks. However, its introduction faces many challenges including those that are legal, technological and political in nature. In this paper, we summarize those challenges and add a few more that have not...

This paper is written by Hongyi Chen (Hong Kong Institute for Monetary and Financial Research) and Pierre Siklos (Wilfrid Laurier University and Balsillie school of International Affairs).Digitalization, spurred by the pandemic, has accelerated plans by many central banks to introduce retail...

China has been considered a systemically important economy for at least a decade. As policy makers worldwide grapple with sluggish growth there is relatively little evidence about whether the G4, which consists of the US, the Eurozone, Japan, and includes China, as a block contributes to global...

For at least a decade, in policy circles, China has been considered a systemically important economy. As policy makers worldwide grapple with sluggish growth there is relatively little evidence about the extent to which the G4, which consists of the US, the Eurozone, Japan, and China, as a block...

This paper surveys three types of monetary arrangements. It considers how the choice of an exchange rate regime, the degree of central bank independence, or choice of currency unions or boards depends not only on economic considerations but also on political economy considerations. In economic...