The purpose of this study is to find out how jingles used in advertisement plays a role in retention of the product. A questionnaire was developed to acknowledge people about retention and recall of jingles. This survey is carried out in Karachi and about 100 responses were received from the...

The article discusses the components distressing the credit risk faced by banking institutions and systematically recognizes key factors affecting credit risk formation in Islamic banking operations in Pakistan. Moreover, this study compares these factors in Islamic and conventional banking....

This study reviewed the literature on sustainable economic growth and institutions in the context of developed and less developed countries specifically Pakistan. It also surveyed the studies conducted to empirically asses the validity of neo classical convergence. This review have clearly...

There is a dearth of theoretical literature defining institutions and identifying the channels through which institutions influence economic welfare. Moreover, empirical studies done on the same topic also showed a positive and significant impact of institutions on macroeconomic performance....

This paper explores the trends in globalization especially financial sectors liberalization as promoted by international donor agencies and its impact on developing world with special emphasis on Pakistan. The paper highlights the shortcomings in policy implications of promoting financial...

Islamic banking has grown immensely during last decade. As more and more banks are showing up, the same time more and more people are getting critical on the nature of Islamic banking. Within the foundations of Islamic economics, lot of confusion still persists as diverse views come up from...

Developed countries pursue different policies for their growth trajectory. For some, there was no government intervention, and purely financed by private enterprise. For others it involve active government planning and investment. Developing countries had ‘advantage' of backwardness. They were...

This paper analyzes the long-run dynamics between quality of institutions measured by recently developed Index of institutionalized social technologies, and Economic performance in the sample of 84 countries covering the period 2002-2006. Panel cointegration tests and FM OLS (Fully Modified OLS)...

This paper aims to investigate how credit risk, liquidity risk, capital adequacy ratio, and audit quality affect a bank's stability both separately and in combination, and then compare the resulting banking stability between Islamic and commercial banks in Pakistan, while also taking into...

Objective: The goal of this study is to observe the integrated reporting (IR) disclosure pattern and examine how it relates to a company's worth as measured by its yearly average prices. The study also aims to determine the relationship between integrated reporting and companies’ intrinsic...