We define defensive factor timing as pro-actively using market signals—measures of aggregate risk tolerance, the effectiveness of diversification, and valuation measures—to reduce exposures to individual factors or a portfolio of factors when outlooks are unattractive. Unlike other market...

Online 2D irregular bin packing problem (2D-OIBPP) with uncertain demands is a critical challenge in the manufacturing and assembly industry, where a robot is required to place incoming objects within a limited time to maximize overall packing density. The high demands on real-time and...

Provision of high quality service in a competitive environment is a core competitive advantage for airline’s profitability and sustainable growth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the in-flight service quality of major Chinese airlines including Air China, China Southern Airlines,...

Purpose The outbreak of COVID-19 significantly disrupted educational activities and forced universities to rapidly transition from the traditional face-to-face (F2F) environment to online learning formats. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of self-directed learning (SDL) on...